The removal of a solute from its solution by the addition of a solvent in which the solute is more soluble but which itself is not soluble in solution is called solvent extraction. Ether Extraction: Many organic compounds are produced along with minor products in aqueous solution. Such compounds are shaken with ether taken in…
The direct conversion of solid into vapour without passing through liquid state by heating is called sublimation. Explanation: Sublimation is used to purify solid substances. – Iodine, ammonium chloride, naphthalene, anthracene, and benzoic acid can sublime. A substance to be sublimed is taken in a watch glass covered with an inverted funnel. The funnel is…
The obtaining of crystals by cooling the hot saturated solution leaving behind mother-liquor is called Crystallization. Basic Principal: The preparation of a chemical compound usually affords a crude product and there is an need to purify it by crystallization from a suitable solvent. The basic principle of crystallization is the fact that the solute should…
A reactant that controls the amount of the product formed in a chemical reaction due to its smaller amount is called limiting reactant. Excess reactant: A reactant which is present in large amount in a chemical reaction & some of its amount left after the completion of chemical reaction is called excess reactant. Explanation:…
This Law was given by Joseph Proust. According to this law, “A chemical compound always consists of the same elements in the same ratio by weight”. For example, samples of CO2 obtained by different methods always contain the same elements, i.e., carbon and oxygen in the same ratio, i.e., 3: 8 by weight.
This Law was given by Mikhail Lomonosov. This law states that “the total mass can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another during a chemical reaction”. Explanation: Since all the matter is composed of atoms, therefore, atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Total…