Intramolecular and Intermolecular Forces Definition In Chemistry

Intermolecular Forces Definition Chemistry:

The attractive forces that exist between the individual particles (molecules, atoms or ions) are called intermolecular forces. (Van der Waals’ forces).

The physical state of a substance depends on the strength of intermolecular forces. The properties of liquids such as boiling point, heat of vaporization, vapour pressure, surface tension and viscosity depend on the strength of intermolecular forces.

1. Such attractive forces which exist between individual particles (atoms, ions, molecules) are called intermolecular forces.
2. The physics state and physical properties of substances depend on the strength of intermolecular forces.
3. These forces are relatively weak as compared to intramolecular forces.
4. Small amount of energy is required to break bonds between particles (atoms, ions or molecules) in the presence of intermolecular forces.

Types:

There are four types of intermolecular forces:

1. Dipole-dipole force
2. Ion-dipole forces
3. Dipole-induced dipole forces
4. Instantaneous dipole and Induced dipole (i.e. London Dispersion Forces)

Intramolecular Forces Definition Chemistry:

The attractive forces which exist between atoms within molecule intramolecular forces.

1. The molecular shapes, bond energies and chemical properties of substances depend on intramolecular forces.
2. These forces are ionic and covalent bonds within the particles (atoms, ions or molecules).
3. These forces are strong as compared to intermolecular forces.
4. Large amount of energy is required to break bonds between atoms within molecule in the presence of intramolecular forces.